The
greater part of the untested men appeared quiet and absorbed. They were going
to look at war, the red animal--war, the blood-swollen god.
--The Red Badge of Courage - Stephen Crane
The war
tried to kill us in the spring. As grass greened the plains of Ninevah and the
weather warmed, we patrolled the low-slung hills beyond the cities and towns.
We moved over them and through the tall grass on faith, kneading paths into the
windswept growth like pioneers. While we slept, the war rubbed its thousand
ribs against the ground in prayer. When we pressed onward through exhaustion,
its eyes were white and open in the dark. While we ate, the war fasted, fed by
its own deprivation. It made love and gave birth and spread through fire.
-- opening lines of The Yellow Birds- Kevin Powers.
Kevin Powers’
The Yellow Birds begins in a poem and ends as a novel. Private John
Bartle recalls the 10 months he shared with Private Daniel Murphy from boot
camp to combat in Al Tafar, Ninevah Province, Iraq, when he was 21 and Murphy
just 18. The story he tells spans the
days from September 2004 to April 2009, and includes his personal war and its
aftermath, what is clinically referred to as Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome –
the shattered self he brings when he returns home.
Lyrical lines (cited above) launch a
fragmented meditation on war that sidles before settling into story. So melded,
neither form completely cleaves to the other.
That passage full
with alliterative spill and shards of images from ancient epics evokes a
stripped down version of primordial warrior tales like Gilgamesh or Beowulf. Powers’ “War” contains fragments of beasts and
fire-breathing dragons --in rib bones and white eyes. It involves primal
activities: praying, eating, lovemaking, birthing and spreading through fire. “War,” as used here, could apply to troops,
the enemy or that vaguer nightmare beast men fight within themselves.
Bartle can’t make connections, can only
cough up fragments.
So he sidles in and starts with
images before settling into story, and even then images are unconnected.
Parallel snowstorms, for example, hold
no significance: “At one time you could have asked me if I thought the snow
meant something and I would have said yes. I might have thought there was
significance to the fact that there had been snow on the day Murph had come
into my life and snow on the day I had willed myself into the one that had been
taken from him.”
The story only comes in dislocated
spurts: a letter sent to Murphy’s mother; boot camp where the violence-indulgent
Sergeant Sterling assigns Murph to Bartle’s care: “All right, little man,” he said, “I want you
to get in Bartle’s back pocket and stay there.”; a drunken evening in a German
brothel that ends somehow on a riverbank; a salt-sowing ritual from Judges (the
book of the Bible) that turns up a body; removing a body bomb from a bridge;
Murph showing signs of unraveling.
How and why Murph comes apart
drives the plot. The subtler story is how Bartle reconnects. In a telling moment, a visiting reporter asks
what war feels like. Murph responds: It’s like a car accident. You know? That
instant between knowing that it’s gonna happen and actually slamming into the
other car. Feels pretty helpless
actually, like you’ve been riding along same as always, then it’s there staring
you in the face and you don’t have the power to do shit about it. And know it.
Death, or whatever, it’s either coming or it’s not. It’s kind of like that,” he
continued “like that split second in the car wreck, except for here it can last
for goddamn days.”
In the early chapters, Bartle only
suggests outlines of the car wreck, leaving the reader to fill in the blanks.
What
he does provide is an almost hallucinogenic swirl of imagery – colors of the
sky, the orchard, the town, the fires; smells
– the stench of trash, sewage, cured lamb and the dead. Like Stephen Crane’s
impressionistic vision of the Civil War, writer Powers gives his hyper-vigilant
narrator heightened sensory imaging and imprinting along with lowered sensory
processing. A dizzying intensity
results. Here’s a description of a orchard with a flock of birds: “When the
mortars fell, the leaves and fruit and birds were frayed like ends of rope.
They lay on the ground in scattered piles, torn feathers and leaves and the
rinds of broken fruit intermingling. The sunlight fell absently through the
spaces in the treetops, here and there glistening as if on water from smudges
of bird blood and citrus.”
Chapters
describing combat events give way to those describing the plane ride and the
hero’s welcome, a welcome that only makes him feel like a sham. Home is near
Richmond, Virginia, where it’s impossible to ever fit in again.
Finally more than half way through the
book, the pieces start coming together like a jigsaw puzzle at last revealing
its contours and subject. Rivers and bridges are used as motifs, and it is on a
bridge that Bartle reveals a gush of guilt. Bartle who could not connect
snowstorms somehow- maybe subconsciously - connects rivers. Once bridged, past
and present gallop to the finish. The
last third is a rush to reveal the book’s secrets. The jigsaw puzzle’s contours and picture
emerge though still some content remains blurred and vague.
Whew, is my
response to the ending. I’m glad I stayed with this, though I almost didn’t.
Bartle’s disjointed narrative disorients
the reader. What must have been hard to
write at times proves hard to read; those early pages seemed tediously vibrant,
as if they were going nowhere.
Kevin Powers knows his
material. Like Murph, he as 17 when he
enlisted and then served in served in the U.S. Army in 2005 and 2006 in Tal
Afar, Iraq. After an honorary discharge, he attended college and then earned
his Master of Fine Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin.
I can not imagine what his own experience
was. I assume he drew on some of it and that of those he knew to create this
work of fiction. If he, like so many
veterans returning from Iraq and now Afghanistan, suffered even a smidgen of post-traumatic
stress, he likely found writing the novel a way to make connections, to process,
to heal. Now, he has only to recover from
the relative nurturing of his MFA program. He’s already proved he’s a fine writer adding
to and drawing from a long tradition of war stories, beginning with the most
ancient (also from what is now Iraq), Gilgamesh. As in Gilgamesh he writes of a lost warrior brother
– complete with a parallel visit to a watery netherworld;
like Crane he mixes vivid impressionism
with realism; like Tim O’Brien, his
themes include the things and people back home.
I look forward to Powers’ next
work, hoping it will spare me the necessary disjointedness of this one.
